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Science is theory-based, uses systematic research techniques, is cumulative and is predictive.

The commentary ends by providing a summary of competing viewpoints of establishing quality in the published literature while inviting the reader to reflect on how the presented criteria would apply to different qualitative research projects.įour characteristics distinguish science from non-science. These are accompanied by examples from the pharmacy literature where the criteria have been used.

For each of these terms, the commentary provides a definition, how it applies to social pharmacy research, and guidance on when and how to use them. It also provides a brief overview of authenticity, a more recent and less widely used set of criteria that involve demonstrating fairness, ontological authenticity, educative authenticity, catalytic authenticity, and tactical authenticity. More specifically, it provides an explanation of each of the criteria of trustworthiness proposed by Lincoln and Guba ( credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability) and different techniques used in establishing them. This commentary addresses both theoretical fundamentals as well as practical aspects of establishing quality in qualitative social pharmacy research. Given this increase, it is important to provide guidance to assist researchers in ensuring quality when employing such methods. Spurred by the value it can add, the use of qualitative research methods has been steadily growing by social pharmacy researchers around the globe, either separately or as part of mixed methods research projects.